New Delhi, India — The Director of the Canadian Security Intelligence Service (CSIS), Daniel Rogers, underscored on Thursday that violent extremism remains a primary national security issue for Canada, reflecting on the long-lasting consequences of the tragic 1985 Air India bombing. While addressing the audience during his annual speech, he cited this event as a pivotal moment in Canadian history, which claimed the lives of 329 individuals, most of whom were Canadian citizens.
Rogers emphasized the ongoing evolution of the threats posed by violent ideologies over the last four decades, stating, “The challenge of violence driven by extreme religious, ideological, or political beliefs has transformed significantly; however, it continues to be among Canada’s most pressing security matters.” He reflected back to the Air India tragedy, which was the deadliest act of aviation terrorism until the September 11 attacks in the United States.
Despite extensive investigations, authorities could secure only one conviction in connection with the bombing, highlighting a failure to adequately address the grave risks of terrorism at the time. The Canadian government’s response has faced criticism, and the John Major Commission, established in 2010, identified multiple intelligence gaps that contributed to the attacks, sending a strong message about the need for vigilance against such threats.
In recent years, Canada’s relationship with India has become strained, particularly following the assassination of Hardeep Singh Nijjar, a Sikh separatist designated as a terrorist by India. Rogers discussed the broader implications of this case regarding foreign interference, labeling it as part of what is known as transnational repression. He explained, “When foreign governments feel threatened by the actions of individuals or groups in Canada, they sometimes resort to intimidation or coercion to silence dissent,” without specifically mentioning Nijjar in his remarks.
This year has seen heightened tensions between Ottawa and New Delhi, particularly in the wake of allegations regarding India’s involvement in Nijjar’s killing on Canadian soil. While India has firmly denied these claims, the accusations have prompted a reevaluation of diplomatic ties, which saw a brief stagnation until recent leadership changes in Canada.
Prime Minister Mark Carney, who took office earlier this year, has shifted the approach to bilateral relations, emphasizing dialogue around law enforcement, rather than escalating tensions at higher political levels. This change marks a departure from previous governmental strategies and reflects an ongoing effort to stabilize relations.
Recent high-level exchanges have aimed to restore connectivity between the two countries. Prime Minister Narendra Modi’s attendance at the G7 summit in Canada and subsequent discussions with Carney indicate a willingness to bridge gaps. Canadian Foreign Minister Anita Anand’s recent visit to India and talks by Indian External Affairs Minister S. Jaishankar in Canada suggest a mutual commitment to address complex issues collaboratively.
Additionally, security discussions between national security advisers from both nations resumed in September, signaling renewed efforts to manage a nuanced and often fraught relationship. As both countries navigate these complexities, the focus will likely remain on establishing a balanced dialogue that promotes peace and stability in the face of persistent security challenges.